East African athletes have in surplus what developed countries lack:

Altitude








Natural training surfaces









Optimal diet composition








Active lifestyle









Moderated stress levels









Lean body composition









Cultural predisposition toward training










Unyielding psychological focus



Mutual Benefit
Developed countries have in surplus what the East Africans are trying to develop:



Plentiful food and water








Accommodation









Shoes and clothing










Training facilities









Advanced Scientific equipment and knowledge










Plentiful skilled medical practitioners










Competitive opportunities










Professional and educational opportunities that allow for rewarding lives outside of athletics




EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES TO EAST AFRICAN YOUTH THROUGH RUNNING
Running Across Borders



East African runners have a phenomenal ability that is largely attributable to the physical and socio-cultural environment in which they train. However, all but the most elite of them lack the basic resources that are required to develop and succeed as athletes: food, water, accommodation, training facilities, shoes and clothing; scientific equipment and knowledge, medical knowledge and skill, as well as competitive opportunities.

Europeans and Americans, by contrast, generally have more than ample access to such resources. Nevertheless, when comparing East Africans with Westerners, either through long-distance running competitions or population-wide health trends, the former come out on top. In terms of competitions, for example, a look at the current International Association of Athletics Federation’s (IAAFs) top-100 lists in any event 800 metres or longer shows a strong over-representation of East Africans near the top.  In terms of population-wide health trends, meanwhile, East Africans have been documented to have low Body-Mass Indices (BMI) which are correlated with lower incidence of hypertension, compared to people from other parts of the world.  In Western countries, furthermore, the interconnected problems of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are prevalent, and weight control issues are blamed as the primary cause.

When it comes to explaining these differences environmental factors appear to be highly accountable whereas links to genetic factors are less clear. In particular, East Africans appear to gain great benefits from living and training at altitude, having a traditional diet that is nutritionally optimal, having an active lifestyle from a young age onwards, living with moderated mental stress, maintaining lean body composition, and living in a culture that is pre-disposed toward training. The influence of genetics, however, is questionable. Rather, the organic environment of East Africa should be valued and coveted by anybody wishing to improve his or her physical fitness, whether the aim is to set a personal best time in the marathon or simply to become a healthier individual.

In sum, East Africans have a superior training environment but lack infrastructure and resources, while Europeans/Americans have infrastructure and resources but lack a superior training environment.



While athletes are in Europe to compete in international races, we will arrange for as much interaction as possible between them and European/American people who are involved with running and fitness.

During our trips, we arrange activities that include:

  • Training sessions or clinics, with local running or fitness clubs

  • Language exchange lessons with local schools

  • Social events

  • Visits to people's homes for dinner, and/or accommodation.

If you would like to be involed with cultural exchange activities on future racing trips, please
get in touch,


References:

2008 IAAF World Outdoor Lists 11. Updated as at 24 August 2008. Compiled by Ottavio Castellini, IAAF Statistics & Documentation Senior Manager. IAAF Statistics Office.

Tesfaye F, Nawi NG, Van Minh H, Byass P, Berhane Y, Bonita R, Wall S. Association between body mass index and blood pressure across three populations in Africa and Asia. J Hum Hypertens. (2007) 21(1), 28-37.

Jousilahti P, Tuomilehto J, Vartiainen E, Valle T, Nissinen A. Body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes and the risk of anti-hypertensive drug treatment: 12-year follow-up of middle-aged people in eastern Finland. J Hum Hypertens. (1995) 9(10): 847-54.

Dempsey JA, Reddan WG, Birnbaum ML. Effects of acute through life-long hypoxic exposure on exercise pulmonary gas exchange. Respir Physiol 197 1;13: 62-89.

Hochachka PW, Stanley C, Matheson GO, McKenzie DC,
Allen PS, Parkhouse WS. Metabolic and work efficiencies during exercise in Andean natives. JAppl Physiol 1991;70: 1720-30.

Fudge BW, Westerterp KR, Kiplamai FK, Onywera VO, Boit MK, Kayser B, Pitsiladis YP.  Evidence of negative energy balance using doubly labelled water in elite Kenyan endurance runners prior to competition. British Journal of Nutrition (2006), 95, 59–66.

Onywera VO, Kiplamai FK, Tuitoek PJ, Boit MK, Pitsiladis YP. Food and Macronutrient Intake of Elite Kenyan Distance Runners. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2004, 14, 709-719.

Onywera VO, Scott RA, Boit MK, and Pitsiladis YP. Demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan endurance runners. Journal of Sports Sciences, April 2006; 24(4): 415 – 422.

Scott RA, Georgiades E, Wilson RH, Goodwin WH, Wolde B, and Pitsiladis YP. Demographic Characteristics of Elite Ethiopian Endurance Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Oct;35(10):1727-32.

Lore W. Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in Africa with special reference to Kenya: an overview. East Afr Med J. 1993 Jun;70(6):357-61.

Scott RA, Morana C, Wilson RH, Onywera V, Boit MK, Goodwin WH, Gohlke P, Paynee J, Montgomery H, Pitsiladis YP. No association between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene
variation and endurance athlete status in Kenyans. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 141 (2005) 169 – 175.

Scott RA, Wilson RH, Goodwin WH, Morana CN, Georgiades E, Wolde B, Pitsiladis YP. Mitochondrial DNA lineages of elite Ethiopian athletes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 140 (2005) 497–503.

Scott RA and Pitsiladis YP. Genotypes and Distance Running: Clues from Africa Sports Med 2007; 37 (4-5): 424-427